Abstract

Cover Pages LJEEST. Vol. 2 Issue 1

Abstract

An evaluation of the contamination of some milk & milk products with heavy metals in Misrata city north of north of Libya has been conducted. The metals of Mercury, Cadmium, Lead, Cupper, Cromium, Nikel, Zinc, Manganese, Iron contents in dairy samples were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) The results showed that heavy metals Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mn & Fe in Fresh milk are 0.002, 1.62, 0.19,0.15,0.20, 0.25,0.59,0.25,0.79 µg/L respectively and in Pasteurized fresh milk are 0.005,1.67, 0.20,0.16,0.22, 0.56,0.38, 0.28 ,0.87 µg/L respectively and in Sterilized milk are 0.005,1.58, 0.15,0.20, 0.25,0.56,0.37, 0.26, 0.99µg/L respectively ,and in Yoghurt (plain/flavored) 0.007,1.97, 0.16, 0.19, 0.35, 0.54, 0.56,0.37,0.59 µg/kg respectively and in Soft cheese are 0.004,2.16, 0.58, 0.71, 0.46, 0.65, 0.85,0.27,0.77 µg/kg respectively, and in Ricotta cheese are 0.003,1.65, 0.14, 0.29, 0.55,0.45 ,0.75,0.46,0.67 µg/kg respectively, and in Butter are 0.002,0.77, 0.65, 0.19,0.77,0.45,0.96,0.45,0.69 µg/kg respectively ,and in fermented milk are 0.00, 0.00,0.17,0.28,0.63,0.67,0.77,0.37,0.67 µg/L respectively and in ice cream are 0.005, 0.42, 0.18,0.29,0.17 ,0.88,0.74, 0.49,0.69 µg/kg respectively and in formula milk are 0.00,0.00, 0.15,0.49, 0.38, 0.29, 0.37,0.48,0.41 µg/kg respectively, where the highest Hg was in yoghurt samples (0.007 )while the highest level of Cd was in soft cheese (2.16 µg/kg)and the highest level of Pb was in butter (0.65 µg/kg) and the highest level of Cu was in formula milk(0.49 µg/kg)and the highest level of Cr was in butter(0.77 µg/kg) and the highest level of Ni was in ice cream (0.88 µg/kg) and the highest level of Zn was in butter (0.96 µg/kg)and the highest level of Mn was in ice cream (0.49 µg/kg)Finally the highest level of Fe was in sterilized milk (0.99 µg/kg µg/L)by results of this study we are recommending to check levels heavy metals in all imported dairy products especially butter ,ice cream and formula milk because babies might be subject to over doses of some toxic heavy metals, might affect their health.

Abstract

Agriculture is a basic profession in our country to give the production that the local consumer needs. Through the five-year plan, Libya aims to modernize the agricultural sector and keep pace with the economic, social, and scientific changes taking place at the local and international levels. This plan will enable the country to increase the contribution of the agricultural sector and increase the rate of economic growth through employment. The project examines the agricultural environment of temperature, humidity, and irrigation control. The project works by voice commands, so that, the farmer is careful and knows the temperature and humidity, the proportion of water in the soil and all the information needed by voice commands. The environment will not be an obstacle to the production and growth of any plant, we can overcome the problem of scarcity of agricultural production, and can call a smart way to automate. The focus will be on providing a favourable atmosphere for plants. Monitoring the environment and providing solutions in line with climate change and real-time follow-up is an important factor in smart farming. A smart way to automate the farming process can be called smart farming. Using the system automatically enables you to eliminate potential crop threats by reducing human intervention, increasing productivity, improving a product, and providing private nurseries and farms to Agriculture Research Centre and farmers. The focus will be on providing a favourable environment for plants. This project includes many features such as a device, humidity, temperature control, intruder risk, water flow and monitoring using different sensors.

Abstract

This work was designed to evaluate morphologic properties of leaf, cone and seed and to clarify the taxonomy of this species. The study also investigated some of the wood properties (specific gravity, fiber length) of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. macrocarpa tree grown in Derna region in the east of Libya. The morphological properties (leaf length, leaf width, seed size and cone size) resulted have been observed to be important for taxonomy of this species. Also, the Pearson coefficient correlation among morphological parameters showed a positive correlation. On the other hand. results indicated that the specific gravity values ranged between (0.392-0.386). When study the relationship between specific gravity and cambial age. The general trend showed that the relationship was negative with age, where it was clear specific gravity values decreased with the increase in distance from the marrow of pith. The values of the R2 ranges from 59.9% -70.9%, and when examining the relationship between fibre length and cambial age, there was a positive effect; fibre length increased radically from pith to bark. Also, J. xycedrus subsp. macrocarpa tree is a short fibre wood with a mean fiber length of 1.75 mm.

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The reproductive biology of 700 specimens of Sardina pilchardus were collected monthly from the catch of trawling net and lampara fishery operating on the Derna coast on the Mediterranean Sea from August (2017) to July (2018). There were monthly variations in sex ratio between males (280 fish = 40.0 %( and females (420 fish = 60.0%). The overall sex ratio was 1: 1.50 in favor of females. The breeding season extended from October to May with a peak in November till February. The length at first maturity was L50 for males 14.5cm and L50 for females 15.5cm. The average absolute fecundity ranged from 11467±4097 to 90463±10123. Overall average absolute fecundity was 47989±7994, whereas overall relative fecundity was 2551±349/cm for total length ranging from 10.5 to 24.4cm.

Abstract

This study aimed to determine some physical and chemical properties of some olive oil, collected from the local market in Libya. Samples were collected from Awinya- Aljabal Algharbi, Brack Alshati, Sebha, and Ubari. There were no significant differences in physical properties of all examined samples. However The chemical properties were as following; acidity was between (0.5890±0.024-%16.552±0.232). The lowest value of peroxide was recorded in Awinya sample 5.50±0.231 mEq O2/Kg, and the highest value was in stored olive oil sample 54.00±0.213 mEq O2/Kg. Iodine value was between (65.50±0.132 in stored sample and 93.65±0.007 in Brack sample). Saponification values were between (188.50±0.111 and 252.55±0.152) Generally the results of chemicals analysis were within Libyan standards.

Abstract

The was studied on some technological properties wood of Shemari (Arbutus pavarii pamp). The study included estimating specific gravity, fiber length and rate of shrinkage for the wood of six tree developing in two different locations, the first at a height of 394 m and the second 667 m in the Jabal Al-Akhdar region, Libya. The results concluded the of Alshamari wood was located among the high-density species, where the specific gravity values ranged from 0.68-0.79 at heights (394-667m) respectively, With no significant differences of specific gravity values between trees in the two sites. On the other hand, values of fiber length ranged between 1.262- 1.523 mm for the height 667-394 m, respectively. The results also showed statistically significant differences in moisture content values between the two sites, where it was 33.68- 51.16% for the two heights 394 m-667 m, respectively, And also the values of volumetric shrinkage of wood differed significantly, as they were 24.75%, at 394 m, and 21.32%, at 667 m.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate quality of groundwater in Barsis which lies of the east Benghazi about 50 Km along the coast road where groundwater is the main source of another population reliable to meet their needs. There are a number of medium depth wells ranges from 30 -80 meters, Samples were collected from four wells samples were chemically and microbial analyses, especially pH meter, the electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts, turbidity, total hardness, chlorides, sulfates, indigestion magnesium and calcium, nitrate, ammonia, sodium, potassium, copper and iron were estimated. The results showed that there were some elements exceed the limit according to WHO standard 2006 and specifications Libyan standards 2008.

Abstract

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the role and effect of localized root zone bacteria (R. meliloti, B. lupine, B. subtilus, Azotobacter sp.) In the soil (Rhizosphere) on some pesticide residues locally available in Wadi Al-Shati area, Libya, where residues of these pesticides accumulate in cultivated plants and often reach the following seasons. The pesticides degradation results showed that (R. meliloti) bacteria had no clear role in Chlorpyrifos and Linron breakdown while it worked to destroy significant concentrations of the pesticide after 12 hours with the microbes continuing to grow up to 24 hours, and the breakdown of the Glyphosate increased by the increasing of the dose Used. The results also showed that Linron has the ability to resist the biological decomposition of B. lupine, and the bacteria have no active role in Chlorpyrifos degradation, but it break down Glyphosate during 12 hours of exposure, and the microbe continued to grow until 24 hours, then the activation of the pesticide occurred and it became more resistant to biodegradation, and the bacteria had the ability to breakdown the pesticide. While (B. subtilus) bacteria has no role in degradation of Chlorpyrifos and Glyphosite, the microbe contributed to breaking Linron within 12 hours, then activation of the pesticide occurred over time, the longer the exposure period, the greater the resistance of the pesticide to decomposition and that the bacteria had no role in cracking Sencor during the first hours of exposure, but after 24 hours of exposure, the pesticide began to collapse. Azotobacter had no effect on Chlorpyrifos during the first hours of exposure, increased with the increased exposure period, the duration of the pesticide's survival, and the resistance to Linron decomposition increased with increasing concentrations used. The Glyphosate collapse did not occur within the first 12 hours of exposure, and then the destruction of the pesticide occurred after 12-24 hours, and then the pesticide returned to its activity within 72 hours. It is concluded that Azotobacter was more effective on the pesticides used, followed by the bacteria (B. lupini) and the bacteria (B. subtilus) and finally (R. meliloti).

Abstract

The Libyan freshwater algae remains partially unexplored in term of their distribution. Many reports done on algae in south of Libya, but recently need more new reports. A survey of farms in kufra was undertaken from October 2010 to May 2011. Out of 16 sites of water bodies surveyed from different farms. Among the sampling sites there were algal blooms comprising 24 species following to 24 genera and 5 divisions were recorded. Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, Euglenophyta and Dinophyta. Chlorophyta was the most dominant, followed by Cyanophyta. They were observed as scums or mat on the surface of water bodies.