Abstract

LJEEST, Volume (5) Issue (1)

Abstract

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of the aqueous and alcoholic extract of wormwood (2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%) compared to the antifungals Clotrmnzole, Micanzole on the fungi that infect the feet, which were collected from 21 samples from students of Department of Medical Laboratories- Wadi Alshatti University , the species were identified by morphological passages, urea test and culture on Dermatophyt medium, two fungal species were isolated, T.rubrum and T.metagrophyte, and T.rubrum was the dominant fungus. The results showed that the alcoholic extract of wormwood was more efficient than the aqueous extract. The aqueous extract of wormwood did not give any inhibitory effect to the fungal species studied. As for the antifungals, the inhibition rate of Micanzole was higher than Clotmensole by 37.5%, 25%, respectively. Also, when Micanzole was used with the extract, it had a better inhibitory ability than Coltmenzole.

Abstract

In a study to conduct an assessment of the drinking water quality in 4 different regions (Shaabiat Al-Jaish, Buildings Al-Hurriya, Al-Mukhtar, and Al-Khaleej) in Tobruk city, Libya, through collection 5 samples from each region, physical, chemical, and microbial parameters analysis were performed for all samples and compared to the source water, which is a seawater desalination plant (Tobruk desalination plant), as well as comparing with quality specifications and standards according to the World Health Organization. Although there is a difference in the results of the analysis between the four regions, the results obtained from the physico-chemical analysis of water samples were within Libyan specifications and standards, and WHO guidelines. For example, Electrical conductivity varied between 160 µS cm-1 and 368 µS cm-1 but it did not exceed the permissible limits according to the World Health Organization, which are 400 µS cm-1. Also, the results of the analysis of total dissolved salts in the four regions, concentrations were found to be 107 ppm, 120 ppm, 246 ppm, and 223 ppm. As well as pH values in all the collected drinking water samples did not exceed the permissible limits according to WHO, which ranged from (7.1 to 7.4) in the four study regions. Na concentrations obtained from the water samples in the four analyzed regions ranged (15.28 mgl-1,17.17 mgl-1, 38.48 mgl-1, and 31.89 mgl-1. As for the bacterial analysis, the results showed that there is microbial contamination in the first and second regions, which may be due to contamination due to the overlapping of sewage water.

Abstract

This study aimed to qualitatively detect the presence of potassium bromate in bread made from barley flour using the method of colorimetric and quantitative variability by spectrophotometry, where 16 samples were randomly collected from the bakeries of the Sabha and Barak regions, with 10, 6 samples, respectively, and compared them with the internationally permitted levels. Results of chemical analysis The presence of potassium bromate in varying proportions in only three samples out of a total of sixteen samples, as its presence in Barak bakery samples had a concentration of (0.00019/0.00013/0.00011 mg /kg), which is higher than the permissible limit according to the World Health Organization, and it should not exceed (0.00002 mg/kg), as for the rest of the samples, they are all under the permissible limit according to the specifications of the World Health Organization. Potassium bromate is an improved substance added to the dough to increase its volume and fragility and give it a golden shape and color, as it is added to flour in certain quantities, and studies have proven that it has health effects on human health Especially on the heart, kidneys, hearing, and thyroid glands, which made some countries and organizations prohibit its use as an improvement in foodstuffs.

Abstract

In May 2022, fifty-two topsoil samples (0 to 20 cm) were collected from the Tummina agricultural area in Misrata, situated in the northwestern region of the Libyan Sahel. We analyzed the collected samples for (Fe, Al, Mn, Co, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, and As) through the XRF technique. Aiming to: Set the most proper normalizing element for this area, develop a local geochemical baseline (GBL) using four methods (cumulative frequency curve, iteration removal, reference metal normalization, and box-whisker plot), and compare the outcome to the upper continental crust composition and data from other continental-scale soil surveys. This investigation is the first to propose baseline values for a region in Libya. The result demonstrated that, out of two viable reference elements (Fe and Al), Al is the best reference element for the normalizing method. The mean local GBL values obtained from the four procedures of (Mn, Co, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, and As) were (64.12, 6.61, 8.53, 4.81, 9.5, 8.73, 5.59, 1.98, and 1.74 mg/kg), respectively. The estimated local GBL levels of (Co, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, and As) were significantly lower than the upper crust's (UCC) and the Earth's crust's (ECS) values for sedimentary rocks, which are often employed in screening contaminated soil. At the same time, Cd baseline levels were more significant in comparison. Hence, using the global background as a benchmark may result in underestimation or overstate of toxic elements pollution in soil, thus misrepresenting the risk heavy metals pose to human and environmental health. We propose such studies for the country's various geological regions to overcome the shortcomings of using global or world soil geochemical reference values.

Abstract

"The experiment was conducted at the research station farm of the faculty of Agriculture university of Omar AL-mukhtar , ELBaida - Libya , during (2021-2022) growing season The main objective of this experiment was to study the effect of the flag leaf to the formation of grain yield and its components for five varieties of wheat crop through a split plot experiment by in randomized block design three Replications, the results of the study were as follows. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the difference between the genotypes is significant with the superiority of the cultivars Marjawi, Ain Al-Faras, Humeyra in both the number of spikelets/ spike, grains / spike , biological, grain and straw yield ton/e and the 1000 kernels weight. While Sargula cultivar gave the lowest averages for most of the studied traits. The differences reached a high level of significance between the studied genotypes by removing the flag leaf, where the removal of the flag leaf caused a significant decline in each of the plant height, spike length (cm). Number of spikelets , grains / spike. Biological, grain and straw, yield ton/ha, 1000 kernels weight. (g), and harvest index. There is a positive significant correlation between the flag leaf area and the grain yield in the durum wheat crop, as it was shown through this study that the varieties that have a flat flag leaf give a better grain yield resulting from an increase in the weight of one 1000 kernels weight., which indicates the importance of the presence of the flag leaf in determining the degree of grain fullness During the fullness period and then in the 1000 kernels weight as one of the most important components of the crop in grain crops. It can be conclude the importance and significant of vital role of flag leaf to contribution of grain yield about by 12%, number of grains / spike by 8% and 1000 kernels weightcontributed by 10% "

Abstract

This research included investigating the concentration of toxic elements (iron, copper, zinc, chromium, manganese, cobalt, lead, and nickel), which were detected using the (AAS) device. In five types of cigarettes (Rothman, Malboro, Karela, Sports, and M), an average of three samples for each type, where samples were taken from cigarette rolling papers (Bafra) and tobacco residues (ash and the data were treated statistically by using (T) test). The significance of the mean of heavy metals between the two groups (ash, cigarette rolling papers) is that there are differences at the level of probability (0.05 ≥P) for Rothman cigarettes for both (Fe, Pb, Ni), and Karela for (Cu, Mn, Co, Ni) As for the athlete, the differences were for the elements (Fe, Zn, Co, Ni), while the Malboro represented a statistical function between the two groups for all haevy metals also for all with a statistical significance except (Zn), it was not significant, while the results of measuring the elements using the (AAS) device showed ) in cigarette rolling papers (0.22, 0.23, 0.08, 0.01, 0.06, 0.03, 0.13, 0.18 ppm) respectively, while in ash samples the mean was (0.30, 0.04, 0.03, 0.005, 0.05, 0.034, 0.110.16) ppm) respectively, which gives a clear indication and a close link that every part of the cigarette contains percentages of toxic heavy metals, and this reflects the amount of damage to the health of the person, for smokers.

Abstract

Objective of this study was to determinate the behavior of growth and yield of the crop due to irrigate by water exctracte and or mixing whole plant of some aromatic wild shrubs. Tow pots experiments layed outdoor planted by durum whaet by seeding rate 100 kg\ha. First experiment expose of water exctacte irrigation of some aromatic wild shrubs that is salvia officinalis.L, (M) salvia rosmarinus L (R) and thymus sepllum. L (T), while the second experiment was mixing the whole aromatic shrubs (M, R and T) in the pots soil befor seeding the crop both the tow experiments designed by RCBD in 3 replicates. The results revealed that water exctrate of M, seeds was not germinate completely and % of germination reduced significantly 6.66% from exctracte (R)companing of water 85%. Thermal depression percent was significant increased to 60.7% from R-exctrate comparing to bure water 16.3%(CTD) No significant effect of plants height, spikes number and weight per pots and spike length due to water exctraction, Meanwhile seed, germination was completely reduced by T-plant mixing of 10% compring to control 95%, similarly thermal depression stress percent increased significantly to 88.12% due plant mixing of R companing to the control 8.2%. Seedling killed by (T). mixing. least dry weight 4.21gm was from R-mixing comparing to control 10.98g. plant heigh reduced significantly by R-mixing 48.56cm, while control 52.46 cm. Number of spik/pot decreased to 10.66 by R-mix comparing to control 38.67 the same trend for spike weight increased from 26.12 g due to R-mix to 94.74g from control and not affecte spike length. Inconclosion, the exctrate of T and mix of R reduced wheat crop growth and yield.

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the quality of bottled drinking water using in some middle and eastern regions of Libya, 13 samples were collected then analyses the most important physicochemical properties and compare the results .The specifications of Libyan bottled drinking water through the study of physicochemical properties PH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts, calcium , magnesium , sodium, total alkalinity , hardness, potassium , chloride ، The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the studied samples were in conformity with the Libyan standard for bottled water No. 10, and it was noted that most of the values were below the minimum limits of the standard .

Abstract

In this Study of domestic and foreign mineral oils used after adding a mixture of solutions (HCl + Methanol + Butanol) in limited proportions in the treatment process for oils such as Thuraya oil, Zawia F Gasoline oil, Goldex Super Plus oil, LUKOIL oil for recycling, and these chemical solutions were used to remove contaminants and impurities from oils; As the process of reacting solutions with oils can be used to convert used (burned) oils into reuse by reacting oils with acid to form different compounds. Methanol could be also be used to convert burnt oils into more effective oils, and butane was used in the oil distillation process to remove heavy compounds and impurities from the oil and improve its quality according to the results obtained, by using Flash point. Several physiochemical techniques such as kinematic viscosity, specific gravity, flash point and using FT-IR spectroscopy to track changes after treatment; And the degree of flash to study the specifications of the types of manufactured oils (domestic and foreign) that are recycled in each case and to know the extent of their suitability for new use. The viscosity of the unused oil was at a low temperature of 40 and 100 for the 2 types of Zawia F Gasoline oil and Goldex Super Plus oil. This decrease are explained by the addition of these chemical solutions to remove contaminants and impurities from the oils in limited proportions, the results show the action of hydrochloric acid to interact with the oil and break it down into glycerides and free fatty acids. Methanol acts as an antifreeze and helps in improving the quality of the oils. Pollutants and impurities from oils in small proportions and re-use as essential oil. Note that HCl makes the oil lose 22.25% of its viscosity value, and this is a negative result for using hydrochloric acid. However, in general, the properties of the recycled oil in both cases is considered good and are still at the required level suitable for use as a base oil according to local and international specifications.

Abstract

The turf grass plays an important role in land stabilization, soil protection against water and wind erosion, sand dune fixation, air purification, temperature modification…etc. Turf grass species and cultivars differ in their responses to drought, water salt content and other environmental factors. This study was conducted to examine the effect of different sea water concentrations on development and growth of Paspalum distichum. Sea water was obtained from North eastern part of Benghazi city and concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 10% and 20% (v/v) of seawater were used. The results of Paspalum distichum revealed that, there was no correlation between sea water concentration and leaf water content while the differences in the mean of leaf water content were not significant. Effect of treatment on fresh and dry weight of shoot system was significant. In contrast, fresh and dry weight of root system was not significant.

Abstract

Most heavy metals which bio-accumulate in fishes do not have any biological significance or beneficial use, but due to the presence of heavy metal, fish can pose a health risk to consumers. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the Concentrations level of mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in Sardines available in the Libyan market and produced in different countries of the Mediterranean region. All collected samples were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave assisted digestion, for detection of their contents of heavy metal residues to evaluate their quality according to standard legislations. The obtained results indicated concentrations for lead and mercury ranges from (0.0070 - 0.0125) and (0.0 - 0.0095) mg/kg respectively. It was observed that the levels of Lead and Hg in all different samples were within the permissible limits according to the standards of the World Health Organization and the European Union.

Abstract

This study was conducted in a burnt lake in Wadi Al Shati - Libya, for a period of 6 months, in spring water, sewage, agricultural drainage, and mixed water to study the demographics of the lake. and birds (Gallinala waterfowl, Egretta sacra), mosquitoes, insects, parasites, worms and amphibian larvae.The physical and chemical properties of the lake water were also measured and the results showed significant differences between months for permanent oxygen, temperature and pH of agricultural and sanitary drainage water and significant differences for mixed water for pH Oxygen and temperature of sewage water, as oxygen indicated a rise in all types of water and the presence of significant differences between the months of January and February between the four sites, and the study proved the existence of an inverse relationship between oxygen, conductivity and temperature, and the conductivity and total permanent salts showed the presence of significant differences between the months of spring water, The results also showed that there are significant differences in the amount of bicarbonate, potassium and sodium for agricultural drainage water, and there are significant differences for mixed water and wastewater between all months for bicarbonate and calcium, respectively Healthy for calcium, and mixed water for bicarbonate.

Abstract

This study was conducted on the Al-Dabwat Agricultural Project, which is located in Wadi Al-Shati in the southwest of Libya. Samples from 8 at that time operating wells were collected. To assess the quality of irrigation water, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts (TDS), calcium, sodium, magnesium and bicarbonate were measured. Irrigation water quality indicators such as sodium adsorption rate (SAR), Kelly’s Index and Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) were used. The results of the obtained calculations show that all groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation uses. It is also clear from the USSLS chart that most of the samples are safe to use for irrigation purposes. In general, groundwater in the study area is considered good for irrigation purposes.

Abstract

This study was conducted on barley grains Hordeum vulgare L. (Misurata 04) and Emex Spinosus as an accompanying weed to test the phenomenon of Allelopathy by treating the plants grains with extracts of Leaves Acacia nilotica and Moringa oleifera at concentrations (20, 25, 35, 40%). for each of them, and the results were as follows:- Highly significant decrease in the percentage of germination of Hordeum and Emex seeds when using Acacia and Moringa leaf extracts at all studied concentrations. and a highly significant decrease in the lengths of the radicales and plumules of Emex seedlings when treated with both extracts and in all studied concentrations. Also, a highly significant decrease in radicales lengths of barley seedlings treated with acacia leaf extract in all studied concentrations. As for the extract of Moringa leaves, it had no significant effect on the lengths of the plumules and r radicales of the barley seedlings, except for the concentration (30%), which showed a very significant increase in the lengths of the plumules compared to the control. The results also showed a highly significant increase in the percentage of dry content and a highly significant decrease in the percentage of water content in the seedlings of both plants treated with both extracts at all studied concentrations. From the obtained results, both extracts of acacia leaves and Moringa had an inhibitory effect on the germination and growth of barley and Emex seedlings, but the greatest effect was of moringa extract on Emex seeds, especially in the high concentration, which completely prevented the germination of Emex seeds.

Abstract

Fungal contamination of the girl’s student’s accommodation bath rooms at Wadi Ashati University has been studied in this research. Results shows a sever and different fungal contamination at these bath rooms, the level of contamination was 100%. Contamination defers between the residential portions and this is may be because of the hygiene procedure follows at some partitions or the number of residents used these path rooms. Twenty fungal species were isolated from the bath rooms. A. flavus and Penicillium citrinum were the most predominant species which isolated (27.3%) comparing with Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp., and other Aspergillus and Penicillium strains which presents at (9.0%). The results also indicate that 45.5% of the fungal isolates were from the basin and 27.0% were isolated from the walls between the shower rooms. All mycological media used in the present study can be employed for fungal growth, however there was more luxuriant growth of all the isolates on potato dextrose agar and malt extract agar comparing with Czapek Dox agar.

Abstract

The current study examined the effect of ginger extract (zingiber officinale aqueous and alcoholic) on a number of bacterial isolates. The tests showed a similar effect between the aqueous and alcoholic ginger extract on the tested bacterial species. All bacterial species used were resistant to concentrations of 3% and 6% for both alcoholic and aqueous extracts. It also proved close inhibition effectiveness of the aqueous extract on all bacterial species at a concentration of 12%, where the inhibition diameter was 14 mm on both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, while the inhibition diameter was 15 mm on Klebsiella pneumonia. As for the alcoholic extract, it had a similar effect on Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus, where the inhibition diameter reached 16 and 15 mm, respectively, while it had less effect on Escherichia coli, where the inhibition diameter reached 12 mm. Escherichia coli bacteria showed resistance to both extracts at a concentration of 9%, while the aqueous extract of this concentration had an inhibitory effect on Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus with an inhibition diameter of 8 and 9 mm, respectively, while the alcoholic extract was equal in its effect on them with an inhibition diameter of 11 mm each.

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the magnetized water on the vital properties of cultivated plants and the germination of seeds, and the process of magnetization increased the field capacity of the soil (19.5%) after magnetization and (18.5%) before magnetization, and reduced the pH by a few degrees (7.9-7.73), and decreased electrical conductivity value to (355.2 mS), and the high cation capacity (0.53 - 0.5 meq/100g), and the results obtained showed an increase in the amount of organic matter in the soil to (1.7%) after magnetization compared to (1.43%) before magnetization. Better results for the growth of tomato and cowpea plants (100%), compared to zucchini and control plants (86 & 91.7%), respectively. Water magnetization processes led to negative effects on plants, as a clear decrease was observed in the average number of leaves of plants and significantly affected the average surface area. the leaves of these plants. The height of the plants in all treatments gave similar results, and negatively affected the weight and length of the roots of the target plants, except for the cowpea plant (17.32 cm) for the root length, and (5.25 g) for its weight. The productivity of tomato and cowpea plants increased compared to zucchini and control plants. The effect of magnetization was also reflected positively on the chlorophyll dyes of different plants after the treatment, as the result was cowpea (12.40), tomato (10.41), zucchini (9.82).

Abstract

Medical waste generated from health institutions is one of the most important issues that have received great attention recently because of its negative effects on the environment and human health. This study aimed to identify the concept of medical waste management in Trahen Teaching Hospital, along with identifying the effects of this waste on workers in the health field, as well as its impact on the surrounding environment and the local community, in the subject of the study; Attributable to the variable: (gender - educational level). To achieve the objectives of the study, a measure of medical waste management was used and the necessary data were collected through the descriptive approach. The study tools were distributed to a sample of (50) male and female employees working in the health sector inside the hospital, where the study was applied to the original community of the study due to the small size of the study community. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) program for data analysis. The results of the study showed that: There is no appropriate system for the management of medical waste in the hospital, despite the existence of a clear understanding of the meaning of medical waste, and the risks causing it among most workers in the health sector. The results of the study also showed that there were significant differences in the average waste management measure; According to the variable (gender), most workers in health institutions are aware of the potential risks and consequences of medical waste on their health; The results of the study also showed that there are differences in the average waste management scale according to the variable: (the surrounding environment) in the subject of the study.