Abstract

LJEEST, issue 1 - 2019

Abstract

Olive presses produce large amounts of solid waste, which remain mostly non-benefit, so this study aimed to take advantage of the solid residues of the olive mill (OMSW), locally called Al Fatora in the cultivation of barley. Where coincide production with the olive growing season to benefit from the increase the organic content of the soil and the increase of agricultural production. The first phase used agricultural soil and mixed with different amounts 0 - 25 - 50 - 75 - 100% of the solid waste of olives and the cultivation of barley plant through November 2017 and showed the results of unfit for agriculture where the growth of barley plant of low plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll content compared to the control treatment. Most plants died after the germination process due to the decrease in pH reaching 5.3 and the large increase of the organic matter, which reached 97%. The second phase included conversion of solid waste into compost decomposition processes (additions and additions) and anaerobic (additives and additives) through May 2017. The decomposition process resulted in higher pH, increased phosphorus and nitrogen content, reduced organic matter and potassium. Olive grate into organic fertilizer before adding them to the soil and used in the process of agriculture, especially decomposition antenna additions.

Abstract

The development and use of renewable energy have been put forward on the national agenda due to high oil prices, limited resources, environmental pressure and rapid-economic growth. Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is chosen as an ideal biodiesel crop in Libya because its seed kernel has high oil content (45–60%) and it does not compete with food. Its oil is non-edible, and the trees can resist drought and grow on barren and marginal lands without using arable land. This article reviews biodiesel productions, sources, characteristics, economy and life cycle analysis. Further, future prospects of Jojoba biodiesel industry in Libya are discussed in detail.

Abstract

The effects of the aqueous extracts of aerial parts of mastic shrub (Pistacia lentiscus L.) at different concentrations ( 20, 40, 80%) were evaluated on germination and seedling growth of (Radish) Raphanus sativus L. and (Fenugreek) Trigonella foenum-graecum after 7 days in "in vitro condition ". Pistacia had strong allelopathic effects, it reduced the germination and seedling growth of Radish and Fenugreek, in all tested concentrations. Results obtained showed significant inhibition in germination percentage (GP), plumule length (PL) and radicle length (RL) of both Radish and Fenugreek seeds, and the degree of inhibition was in concentration dependent. At 20,40 and 80% Pistacia lentiscus L aqueous extracts the germination percentage of Radish seed was reduced to (81.67, 71.67 and 55%) respectively, while the germination of Fenugreek seeds was reduced to (75, 56.67 and 45%) respectively, comparative to control which was 100% and 98.3% for Radish and Fenugreek respectively.

Abstract

The growth and yield of several crops have been shown to be drastically decrease by Fluoride. Therefore, in the present study we have tried to investigate the adverse effects of fluoride on growth, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll stability index in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings. Growth pattern of wheat seedlings was monitored at regular intervals for 15 days under different concentrations by estimating the shoot and root length, number of root, fresh and dry weight. Seedlings of wheat were grown sterilized in petri dishes during on growth of seedlings in different concentrations of fluoride (20,40,80,120 and 160mg/L) were selected for detailed study. The germination %, shoot and root length, number of root, fresh and dry weight of the wheat seedlings was found maximum in treatment T0- control and minimum was recorded in treatment T5- 160 mg/L. The results showed that the shoot and root length, number of root, fresh and dry weight were reduced by 47.89,58.66, 18.60, 47.24 and 63.03 % at T5- 160mg/L respective value of control. The photosynthetic pigment content was investigated in the presence of different concentrations of fluoride. The photosynthetic pigment content was severely affected with increasing concentrations of fluoride. Also, fresh and dry weight were decrease in order of increase in NaF concentration fromT0-control to T5-160mg/L. The photosynthetic pigments chl a, chl b, total chl of the wheat seedlings was in treatment T0-control and was recorded in treatment T5- 160 mg/L. It was also recorded chl a, chl b, total chl were in order of increase in NaF concentration from T0- control toT5- 160mg/L. The chlorophyll stability index of the wheat seedlings was found maximum in treatment T0-control and minimum was recorded in treatment T5-160 mg/L. It was also recorded chlorophyll stability index was decrease in order of increase in NaF concentration from T0-control to T5-160mg/L.

Abstract

Soil pollution by heavy metals is an important challenge facing many countries around the world, including Libya. This investigation was carried out across a heavy metals pollution in Libyan soil using pollution Indices such as Geo-accumulation index (i-GEO), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), Contamination degree (CD), Modified contamination degree (mCD), Metal pollution index (MPI), overall metal contamination index (MCI). These pollution indices shed light on the quality of soil in Libya, and indicate that some of the heavy metals were unpolluted to severely extremely polluted with regard to i-GEO especially for Ni Cu & Pb, and the contamination factor were low to very high contamination status. the Most of the polluted soils fell within the industrial region. In particular, some of the sites in the industrial region showed high i-GEO. CF showed significant to very high contaminated for Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb for most of the sampling from the industrial area and also because they are closer to a major road intersection with a large traffic volume such as Benghazi, Al-marij Tripoli, Misurata & Khomes. The high CF index of heavy metals in soil made significant contribution recorded based on pollution load index (PLI). A very high pollution recorded in soils of Al-marij, Benghazi, Sirt, Zwara & Khomes with PLI ≥ 3. Also, very high contamination degree (CD > 24) was found in soils of Al-Marj, Benghazi, Misurata, Ejmail, Sirt, Zwara, Albayda & Khomes. Furthermore, the study confirmed that Al-Marj & Benghazi had the highest levels of overall metal contamination index (MCI). The results demonstrated that the values of MPI < 1 for all soils studied inducted that the overall of ecosystem is still non-polluted dilution and dispersion of heavy metals content due to large of the study area. However, the soil surrounding the biggest cities is heavily influenced by human activities, which causes massive accumulation of heavy metals in the soil in most regions. So, Monitoring and environmental audit should start into action to boost the environmental quality of Libyan soils

Abstract

The discharge of high amounts of heavy metals into water bodies leads to several environmental and health impacts. To help mitigate the negative impacts of heavy metals (such as copper ions) on the humans and animals health as well as finding of a variety processes to remediate the environment. Adsorption is an essential process that can be applied in wastewater treatment. This work aims to investigate the removal of copper ions (II) from aqueous solutions using low-cost and eco-friendly material such as activated carbon (AC). Thermal activated carbon was prepared from Pine trees. The adsorption of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solutions onto Activated Carbon (AC) was investigated. The experiments were performed in a batch system, at room temperature (20 ± 0.5 °C), and the copper ions analysis was done after equilibrium was attained. Different experimental parameters (initial Cu (II) concentration, pH, sorbent dosage, and contact time) were varied in order to establish the optimum conditions for copper removal using AC. The experimental results were fitted using the Langmuir, and Freundlich isotherm models, and the characteristic adsorption parameters were determined. Experimental data were also tested using two kinetic models: the pseudo-first-order model and the pseudo-second-order model. Based on these models, the kinetic parameters (rate constant and equilibrium adsorption capacity) for Cu (II) adsorption on AC were calculated.

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of some trace metals.The state of heavy metal pollution and the mobility of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn,pb and Cd were studied in Jerpoly regions in the Mediterranean Sea, five surface sediment samples were collected from each region. Methods used to characterize heavy metals in solid phase of the sediments include physical and chemical extraction. using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and to compare metal concentration. The distribution pattern of heavy metals in the sediment follows the sequence: Fe>Pb>Mn> Zn> Cu> Cd revealed that the sediments of Study area have higher concentrations of fe, Zn,Pb while, , Mn,Cu and Cd have lower concentrations than those of other regions. In general, the results revealed very high contamination factor.The results of contamination factors (Table 5) indicated that in thas study Zn, Cu, Mn possess the lowest CFs reflecting lowest contaminated sediments (CF<1). Both Pb and Cd showed low to moderate contamination level of contamination. On the other hand, Sediments of are highly contaminated (CF>6) with Fe. The major role of carbonate as metal carrier is reflected by the positive correlations between Cu, fe with sand . On the other hand, the positive correlation of OM with Cu suggested that OM has an important role in the binding of these elements. The negative correlation of sand with Pb (r = -0.174) indicate that these elements can be easily released by ion exchange processes due to the electrostatic interaction of trace metals as they are weakly bound and is bioavailable to the liquid phase. The study point out that although there were slight variations in the results of the three indices,

Abstract

Two new chromogenic Schiff base ligands were synthesized by the condensation reaction of 4,4’-diaminodiphenylmethane as a primary amine with 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyd and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde. The structures of the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, and 1H NMR. The complexation behavior of the ligands towards some transition metal ions (Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Pb2+ and Sn2+) was studied using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The effects of some experimental parameters on the complex formation such as solvent, metal ions and ligand concentrations were investigated. Both ligands exhibited excellent chromogenic properties towards the complexation with Fe3+ ions over other studied metal ions in DMSO. The addition of Fe3+ions to both ligands gave rise to a large bathochromic shift (from 400 to 610 nm). Thus, resulting in a change of color from orange to green (610nm) and from yellow to green (630nm) for both ligands, respectively, which provided a naked-eye detection of Fe3+ ions in addition to spectroscopic detection. Job’s continuous variation and mole ratio methods were used to determine the stoichiometry of ligands-Fe3+ complexes. Stability constants of the 1:1 (ligand : metal) complexes were found to be equivalent to 5.7×105 and 1.3 ×105, for both complexes, respectively.

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the growth of trees species were used in programs of afforestation and combating desertification in the Jabal Al-Akhdar area, eastern of Libya and to highlight its suitability for the environment in this region, through observations on its growth. In addition to identifying some aspects related to human activity in the region, where knowledge of these data is a necessary for the management of this ecosystem permanently. The study showed that the local pine trees were superior in growth compared to other species. Although the area was declared protected by law, the study showed a large presence of human activity in the area, as random cutting and overgrazing, which requires taking the necessary measures to reduce the intensity of this activity and work to raise environmental awareness among the local population.