فعالية بعض المستخلصات النباتية وزيوتها العطرية كمضادات فطرية ضد نموفطر Macrophomina phaseolina في نبات الفرولة
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63359/3kp22155الكلمات المفتاحية:
القرفة, القرنفل, الثومالملخص
فطر Macrophomina phaseolina فطر ضار ينتشر عبر البذور والتربة، وهو عامل ممرض خطير يصيب محصول الفراولة (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)، ويُعرف باسم تعفن الفحم. تُعد المستخلصات النباتية الطبيعية وزيوتها العطرية مصادر غنية بالمركبات المضادة للفطريات، والتي يمكن أن تُستخدم كبدائل للمبيدات الفطرية الاصطناعية. في هذه الدراسة، تم عزل فطر M. phaseolina من جذور نبات فراولة مصابة ومن ثم تم دراسة التأثير البيولوجي لمستخلصات ثلاثة أنواع نباتية وهى الثوم (Allium sativum) ، والقرنفل (Syzygium aromaticum) ، والقرفة (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) ، كذلك زيوتها العطرية على نمو فطر M. phaseolina المعزول في المختبر. أستخدمت طريقتي الإستخلاص على الساخن و الإستخلاص على البارد لإستخلاص المستخلصات النباتية ، وتم إختبار تأثيرها على نمو الخيوط الفطرية بأربعة تراكيز وهى 25%، 50%، 75%، و100%. أظهرت النتائج أن جميع المستخلصات النباتية للانواع النباتية الثلاثة كان لها تأثير مثبط كبير على نمو الفطريات الممرضة وذلك بنسبة تثبيط عالية عند جميع التركيزات المختبرة. في حين سجل القرنفل أعلى نسبة تثبيط، يليه الثوم، وسجل القرفة أدنى نسبة (قيمة الاحتمالية p < 0.0001). كان للمستخلصات الباردة لكل من القرنفل والثوم تأثير ذو دلالة إحصائية في تثبيط نمو الخيوط الفطرية مقارنةً بالمستخلصات الساخنة (قيمة الاحتمالية p < 0.05). في المقابل، لم يكن لطريقة الاستخلاص أي تأثير مختلف على تثبيط نمو الخيوط الفطرية، سواءً كانت باردة أو ساخنة، عند استخدام مستخلصات القرفة، خاصةً عند التركيزات العالية، 75% و100% (قيمة الاحتمالية p > 0.05 ). علاوة على ذلك، لوحظ تأثير كبير لاستخدام الزيوت العطرية للنباتات الثلاثة (الثوم والقرنفل والقرفة) على نمو فطر M. phaseolina مقارنةً بعينة التحكم (قيمة الاحتمالية p < 0.05). بمقارنة استخدام هذه الزيوت مع استخدام المبيد فطري، لم تُلاحظ فروقٌ ذات دلالة إحصائية في تأثيرها على نمو الفطرعند جميع التركيزات المختبرة (قيمة الإحتمالية p > 0.05)، باستثناء استخدام زيت الثوم بتركيز 25% (قيمة الاحتمالية p < 0.0001) .تشير هذه الدراسة إلى أن مستخلصات القرنفل والثوم والقرفة وزيوتها العطرية قد تكون مرشحةً واعدةً للوقاية من عدوى تعفن الفحم في الفراولة؛ لذا، يلزم إجراء المزيد من الدراسات الحيوية.
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