The effect of climate on the spread and abundance of Arbutus pavari Pamp (Shammari) in the Green Mountain region
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63359/6t8r8m38Keywords:
Climate factor - Shammari plant - EndemismAbstract
tathir eamil almunakh eali aintishar waghazarat nabat (alshamari) bimintaqat aljabal al'akhdar
yueadu aljabal al'akhdar markaz altawatun al'awal fi libya, hayth yahtawi ealaa 'akthar min 50% min majmue al'anwae almutawatinati. nabat Arbutuspavari Pamp walmaeruf mahaliyana bialshamari 'ahad al'anwae almutawatinat bimintaqat aljabal al'akhdari; walmusanaf ealaa ras alqayimat alhamra' ka'ahad al'anwae almuhadadat bialainqirad; wadhalik natijatan lieidat eawamil biyiyatin; minha almunakhia (qilat tasaqut al'amtari, airtifae darajat alhararati)
tahdif hadhih aldirasat limaerifat tathir ahid ahum aleawamil albiyiyat almuhamahuhia almunakh ealaa antishar waghazarat nabat alshamari Arbutus pavari Pamp bimintaqat aljabal al'akhdari.
'azharat alnatayij 'ana tawajud nabat bi'aelaa kathafa (shajarati/hi) wa'aelaa taghtiat nisbia (%) fi almistabat althaalithati, wa'aqala ma yakun fi almistabat al'uwlaa ; hayth bayanat alnatayij lihadhih aldirasat 'ana hadha altabayun fi tawzie nabat alshamari bimintaqat aldirasat eayid lieidat eawamil biyiyat minha eamil almunakh kama yali:
eamil almanakhi, almutamathil faa (al'amtari- alrutubat alnisbiati- alhararati- alsutue alshamsaa):
a- al'amtari: hayth turakiz nabat alshamuaraa, faa almanatiq altaayazidad fiha almueadal almutraa ean (300mm\snwyan).
bu- alrutubat alnisbiat : hayth turakiz nabat alshamaraa faa almanatiq ealiat alrutubat alnisbiat khilal fatratay al'iinbat w alnumuu (man 'awakhir shahr 'uktubar hataa shahr maris < 70%).
j - alhararat : hayth turakiz nabat alshamaraa faa almanatiq almuetadilat faa darajat alharara (16.5ma0)
da- alsutue alshamsaa : hayth turakiz alnabat faa almanatiq altaayakun fiha almueadal alsutue alshamsaa , faa fatrat alnumui w al'iinbat (5-7.9h\d).
References
إبراهيم، محمود سعد. (2010). تراجع الغطاء النباتي الطبيعي في جنوب شرق الجبل الأخضر: دراسة حقلية. قسم الجغرافيا، كلية الآداب، جامعة عمر المختار.
المقصبي، عبد السلام. (2001). الأنواع النباتية المتوطنة في إقليم الجبل الأخضر. مجلة العلوم البيئية، 12(1)، 45-58. https://doi.org/10.36872/LEJ.2001.01.004
تشاح، عبدالسلام. (1990). جغرافيا النبات. إفريقيا الشرق، ليبيا.جامعة عمر المختار ومشروع جنوب الجبل. (2005). دراسة وتقييم الغطاء النباتي الطبيعي بمنطقة الجبل الأخضر، التقرير النهائي. ليبيا، البيضاء.
حافظ، محمد السيد. (2007). ندوة حول حماية التربة في المناطق الجافة وشبه الجافة. مجلة كلية الآداب، جامعة الإسكندرية، فرع دمنهور.
الزوام، سالم محمد. (1984). الجبل الأخضر- دراسة في الجغرافيا الطبيعية. الطبعة الأولى. المنشأة العامة للنشر والتوزيع والإعلان، طرابلس.
الزوام، سالم محمد. (1995). دراسة في الجغرافيا الطبيعية. منشورات جامعة قاريونس، بنغازي.
العمروني، عبدالسلام عمران جبريل. (2005). تقييم أثر الأنشطة البشرية المختلفة على البيئة الزراعية والرعوية بشعبية الحزام الأخضر. رسالة ماجستير، أكاديمية الدراسات العليا، بنغازي، ليبيا.
النطاح، محمد. (1990). الأرصاد الجوية. الدار الجماهيرية للنشر والتوزيع والإعلان، ليبيا.
الورفلي، عادل ضو مصباح. (2016). الأهمية البيئية والاقتصادية لنبات الشماري بمنطقة الجبل الأخضر. مجلة القلعة – كلية الآداب والعلوم مسلاتة، جامعة المرقب، العدد السادس.
Abdelwahed, A. A.; Mahdi, A. and Zikri, B.S. (1978). Soil of the Eastern Region of Libya. Middle East Research Center, Ain Shams University Press, Cairo.
Ali, G.M. (1995). Water Erosion on the Northern Slope of Jabal Akhdar, Libya. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Durham University.
Cohen, J., Smith, R., & Taylor, L. (1981). Environmental factors affecting plant distribution. Journal of Ecology, 45(2), 112–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecol.1981.04.012
Avery, T.E. and Burkhart, H.E. (2011). Forest Measurements (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill, New York.
Banin, L. et al. (2012). What controls tropical forest architecture? Testing environmental, structural and floristic drivers. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 1179–1190.
Biging, G.S. and Dobbertin, M. (1992). Comparison of distance-dependent competition measures for height and basal area growth of individual conifer trees. Forest Science, 38, 695–720.
Canham, C.D. et al. (2004). Neighborhood analyses of canopy tree competition along environmental gradients in New England forests. Ecological Applications, 14, 1603–1621.
Carvalho, J.P. and Parresol, B.R. (2003). Additivity in tree biomass components of Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica). Forest Ecology and Management, 179, 269–276.
Chave, J. et al. (2005). Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests. Oecologia, 145, 87–99.
Crowther, T.W. et al. (2015). Mapping tree density at a global scale. Nature, 525, 201–205.
El Shatahat (2009). Germination study of Arbutus pavarii seeds.
Feldpausch, T.R. et al. (2012). Tree height integrated into pantropical forest biomass estimates. Biogeosciences, 9, 3381–3403.
Godin, C.; Costes, E. and Sinoquet, H. (1999). A method for describing plant architecture which integrates topology and geometry. Annals of Botany, 84, 343–357.
Grace, J.; Berninger, F. and Nagy, L. (2002). Impacts of climate change on the tree line. Annals of Botany, 90, 537–544.
Grote, R. (2003). Estimation of crown radii and crown projection area from stem size and tree position. Annals of Forest Science, 60, 393–402.
Hansen, M.C. et al. (2013). High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science, 342, 850–853.
Herwitz, S.R.; Slye, R.E. and Turton, S.M. (2000). Long-term survivorship and crown area dynamics of tropical rain forest canopy trees. Ecology, 81, 585–597.
Jennings, S.; Brown, N. and Sheil, D. (1999). Assessing forest canopies and understorey illumination: canopy closure, canopy cover and other measures. Forestry, 72, 59–74.
Keith, H.G. (1965). A Preliminary Check List of Libyan Flora. Libya Ministry of Agriculture, Tripoli.
King, D.A. (1991). The adaptive significance of tree height. American Naturalist, 135, 809–828.
King, D.A. and Clark, D.A. (2011). Allometry of emergent tree species from saplings to above-canopy adults in a Costa Rican rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 27, 573–579.
Koch, G.W.; Sillett, S.C.; Jennings, G.M. and Davis, S.D. (2004). The limits to tree height. Nature, 428, 851–854.
Kuprevicius, A.; Auty, D.; Achim, A. and Caspersen, J.P. (2014). Quantifying the influence of live crown ratio on the mechanical properties of clear wood. Forestry, 86, 449–458.
Monserud, R.A. and Sterba, H. (1996). A basal area increment model for individual trees growing in even- and uneven-aged forests in Austria. Forest Ecology and Management, 80, 57–80.
Monserud, R.A. and Sterba, H. (1999). Modeling individual tree mortality for Austrian forest species. Forest Ecology and Management, 113, 109–123.
Pacala, S.W.; Canham, C.D.; Saponara, J.; Silander, J.A.; Kobe, R.K. and Ribbens, E. (1996). Forest models defined by field measurements II: estimation, error analysis and dynamics. Ecological Monographs, 66, 1–43.
Pretzsch, H.; Biber, P. and Ďurský, J. (2002). The single tree-based stand simulator SILVA: construction, application and evaluation. Forest Ecology and Management, 162, 3–21.
Ryan, M.G. (2010). Temperature and tree growth. Tree Physiology, 30, 667–668.
Ryan, M.G. and Yoder, B.J. (1997). Hydraulic limits to tree height and tree growth. BioScience, 47, 235–242.
Santiago, L.S. et al. (2004). Leaf photosynthetic traits scale with hydraulic conductivity and wood density in Panamanian forest canopy trees. Oecologia, 140, 543–550.
Sharma, R.P. et al. (2017). Modelling individual tree height to crown base of Norway spruce. Forests, 8, 1.
Smith, T.M. et al. (1997). Plant Functional Types: Their Relevance to Ecosystem Properties and Global Change. Cambridge University Press.
Strigul, N.; Pristinski, D.; Purves, D.; Dushoff, J. and Pacala, S. (2008). Scale transition theory for understanding mechanistic forest models and forest carbon dynamics. Ecological Monographs, 78, 523–545.
Tucker, D.P.H.; Wheaton, T.A. and Muraro, R.P. (1994). Citrus Tree Spacing. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Fact Sheet HS-143.
Uriarte, M. et al. (2004). A neighborhood analysis of tree growth and survival in a hurricane-driven tropical forest. Ecological Monographs, 74, 591–614.
Waring, R.H. and Schlesinger, W.H. (1985). Forest Ecosystems: Concepts and Management. Academic Press, Orlando.
Way, D.A. and Oren, R. (2010). Differential responses to changes in growth temperature between trees from different functional groups and biomes: a review and synthesis of data. Tree Physiology, 30, 669–688.
Wyckoff, P.H. and Clark, J.S. (2005). Tree growth prediction using size and exposed crown area. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 35, 13–20.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Libyan Journal of Ecological & Environmental Sciences and Technology

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.





